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Present Simple: yes/no questions and short answers (I/you/we/they)

YES/NO QUESTIONS auxiliary subject infinitive Do I/you/we/they live in England? Do you eat out a lot? Do you go to concerts? Do they watch TV a lot? SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I/you/we/they do. No, I/you/we/they don't.

Present Simple: negative (I/you/we/they)

subject auxiliary infinitive I/you/we/they don’t live in England. I/We/They don’t go out in the week. We don’t stay in at the weekend. They don’t watch TV in the day. TIP! • don’t = do not

Present Simple: Wh- questions (I/you/we/they)

Wh-word auxiliary subject infinitive Where do I/you/we/they live? Where do they have dinner? What time do you go to bed? When do you get back to the hotel? What time do they finish work? When do we start work?

Present Simple: positive (I/you/we/they)

I/You/We/They get up at five o’clock. I/You/We/They get up very early. I/You/We/They start work at about 5.45. I/You/We/They have an hour for lunch.

Possessive 's

We use name + ’s for the possessive: Kate is Lisa’s sister. NOT Kate is the sister of Lisa. TIPS! • For plural nouns, the apostrophe ( ’ ) is after the s: My parents’ names are Pat and Bill. • ’s can mean the possessive, is or has: Bill is Lisa’s father. (’s = possessive) Kate’s her sister. (’s = is) She’s got a brother. (’s = has) • We use whose to ask which person/people a thing belongs to: Whose mobile phone is that? It’s Tom’s.

have got: questions and short answers

QUESTIONS Have I got any letters today? Have you got a computer? Has he/she/it got a DVD player? Have we got any CDs? Have they got any cheap TVs? What have you got in your bag? What has he/she got in his/her bag? SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. Yes, you have./No, you haven’t. Yes, he/she/it has./No, he/she/it hasn’t. Yes, we have./No, we haven’t. Yes, they have./No, they haven’t. TIPS! • We don’t use got in short answers. • We use any in plural negatives and questions with have got: We haven’t got any CDs. Have I got any letters?

have got: positive and negative

POSITIVE I/you/we/they’ve got (= have got) he/she/it’s got (= has got) NEGATIVE I/you/we/they haven’t got ( = have not got) he/she/it hasn’t got (= has not got)

be: negative, yes/no questions and short answers

NEGATIVE • We make negatives with not. I’m not a teacher. You/We/They aren’t from Australia. (aren’t = are not He/She/It isn’t famous. (isn’t = is not) YES/NO QUESTIONS Am I late? Are you from Spain? Is he/she a musician? Is it from the USA? Are we in room 5? Are you from Sydney? Are they French? SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I am./No, I’m not. Yes, you are./No, you aren’t. Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn’t. Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. Yes, we are./No, we aren’t. Yes, you are./No, you aren’t. Yes, they are./No, they aren’t. TIP! • We can also make negatives and negative short answers with ’s or ’re + not: You’re not from Australia. He’s not famous. No, you’re not. No, she’s not, etc.

Subject pronouns and possessive adjectives

subject pronouns possessive adjectives I my you your he his she her it its we our they their TIPS! • We use subject pronouns with verbs: I am a teacher. They live in Rome. • We use possessive adjectives with nouns: My name’s Rupert Giles. It’s her book.

be: positive and Wh- questions

POSITIVE I’m from Italy. (I’m = I am) You’re in room C. (you’re = you are) He’s from Mexico. (he’s = he is) She’s from Australia. (she’s = she is) It’s Maria Favia. (it’s = it is) We’re from the USA. (we’re = we are) They’re from Spain. (they’re = they are) WH- QUESTIONS Where am I? Where are you from? Where’s he from? Where’s she from? Where’s it from? What’s your name? Where are we? What are your names? Where are they from? TIP! • you and your are singular and plural in English.