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áÇ íæÌÏ ãÍÊæíÇÊ áåÐå ÇáãÌãæÚÉ ÍÇáíÇ.
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WH- QUESTIONS
Where am I?
Where are you from?
Where’s he from?
Where’s she from?
Where’s it from?
What’s your name?
Where are we?
What are your names?
Where are they from?
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Am I late?
Are you from Spain?
Is he/she a musician?
Is it from the USA?
Are we in room 5?
Are you from Sydney?
Are they French?
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ÃÑÓáÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ admin Ýí Monday, May 03 (189 ÞÑÇÁÉ)
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Present Perfect: Have you ever ... ? questions and short answers
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• We use the Present Perfect to ask about people’s experiences. If the answer is yes, we use the Past Simple to ask for (or give) more information:
Have you ever been to Australia? Yes, I have.Did you have a good time? Yes, I did.
QUESTIONS
Have (auxiliary) I/you/we/they ever (subject + ever) worked (past participle) in a restaurant?
Has he/she/it ever been to the UK?
SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I/you/we/they have.
No, I/you/we/they haven’t.
Yes, he/she/it has.
No, he/she/it hasn’t.
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• We use superlative adjectives to compare three or more things.
• We use comparative adjectives (bigger, more expensive, etc.) to compare two things (see 8.2).
type of adjective: most 1-syllable adjectives
spelling rule: add -est
superlative: longest, fastest, but! dry > driest
type of adjective: 1-syllable adjectives ending in -e
spelling rule: add -st
superlative: safest, nicest
type of adjective: 1-syllable adjectives ending in consonant + vowel + consonant
spelling rule: double the last consonant and add -est
superlative: wettest, biggest, but! >new > newest type of adjective: 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y
spelling rule: -y > -i and add -est
superlative: earliest, happiest
type of adjective: 2-syllable adjectives not ending in -y
spelling rule: put most before the adjective
superlative: most boring, most common
type of adjective: adjectives with 3 syllables or more
spelling rule: put most before the adjective
superlative: most expensive, most interesting
type of adjective: irregular adjectives
spelling rule: good, bad, far
superlative: best, worst, furthest/farthest
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• We use be going to to say a future plan is decided: I’m going to meet Tony in town.
• We use might to say something in the future is possible, but not decided: I might go for a drink with Peter or I might go to Jane’s party.
• After might we use the infinitive: We might go and see a film.
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be going to: positive and negative
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‘I’m going to do a computer course.’
‘I’m not going to eat sweet things anymore.’
• These sentences talk about the future.
• The people decided to do these things before they said them.
• We use be going to + infinitive for future plans.
I (subject) ’m/’m not (auxiliary + not) going to (going to) work (infinitive) harder.
You/We/They ’re/aren’t going to have a holiday next year.
He/She/It ’s/isn’t going to lose ten kilos.
We’re going to get fit.
Val’s going to stop smoking.
I’m going to do more exercise.
I’m not going to eat sweet things anymore.
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POSITIVE
I’m from Italy. (I’m = I am)
You’re in room C. (you’re = you are)
He’s from Mexico. (he’s = he is)
She’s from Australia. (she’s = she is)
It’s Maria Favia. (it’s = it is)
We’re from the USA. (we’re = we are)
They’re from Spain. (they’re = they are)
WH- QUESTIONS
Where am I?
Where are you from?
Where’s he from?
Where’s she from?
Where’s it from?
What’s your name?
Where are we?
What are your names?
Where are they from?
NEGATIVE
• We make negatives with not.
I’m not a teacher.
You/We/They aren’t from Australia. (aren’t = are not)
He/She/It isn’t famous. (isn’t = is not)
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Am I late?
Are you from Spain?
Is he/she a musician?
Is it from the USA?
Are we in room 5?
Are you from Sydney?
Are they French?
SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
Yes, you are./No, you aren’t.
Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn’t.
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are./No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are./No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
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ÃÑÓáÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ admin Ýí Monday, May 03 (141 ÞÑÇÁÉ)
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Present Perfect: positive and negative
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• We use the Present Perfect to talk about experiences in life until now. We don’t say when they happened: I’ve been to about forty countries. I’ve stayed in some of the world’s best hotels.
• We use the Past Simple if we say when something happened:
Two weeks ago I went to Mexico.
Last month I spent five days in Barbados.
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be going to: yes/no questions and short answers
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YES/NO QUESTIONS
Am I going to be late?
Are you going to get a job?
Is he/she going to sell his car?
Are we going to move house?
Are they going to study in the UK?
SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
Yes, you are./No, you aren’t.
Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn’t.
Yes, we are./No, we aren’t.
Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.
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be going to: Wh- questions
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Wh-word auxiliary subject going to infinitive
What am I going to do?
Where are you/we/they going to live next year?
When’s (is) he/she/it going to arrive?
What are you going to do all day?
Where are you going to stay?
What are you going to eat?
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ÃÑÓáÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ admin Ýí Monday, May 03 (88 ÞÑÇÁÉ)
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• We use What’s (= What is) he/she like? to ask for a general
description. We often ask this when we don’t know the person. The
answer can include character and appearance: She’s really friendly and outgoing. And she’s very beautiful.
• We use What does he/she look like? to ask about physical appearance only: She’s tall and slim, and she’s got long dark hair.
• We use What does he/she like doing? to ask about people’s likes and free time interests: She likes dancing and going to restaurants.
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